Early Renaissance And The Renaissance - 1205 Words

Early Renaissance to High Renaissance The Renaissance is the period that immediately follows the Middle Ages in Europe ancient Rome and Greece. Growing prosperity and reduction in political stability accompanied by new technologies, the printing press, astronomy and the exploration and discovery of new continents was supplemented by a blossoming of philosophy, literature, and art. Painting style, decorative arts, and sculpture arose in Italy in the 14th century, reached its peak in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. These were the works of Leonardo da Vinci, Raphael, Michelangelo and others. Renaissance expressed classical Greco-Roman traditions and captured the experience of the individuals and the mystery and beauty of the natural world. The origin of the Renaissance The origins can be dated back in the late 13th and early 14th centuries. During this period (between 1280 and1400), the Italian scholars and artists perceived themselves as regeneration to the achievements and ideals of Roman culture. Some writers like Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) and Petrarch (1304-1374) remembered ancient Greece and Rome and pursued to revive the languages, intellectual and value traditions of these cultures after the long period of inactivity that had proceeded the fall of the Roman Empire in the 6th century. Giotto, the Florentine painter, (1267-1337), is the famous artist of the Renaissance who made vast advances in the style of expressing the human body realistically. HisShow MoreRelatedEarly Renaissance : Renaissance And Renaissance Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesEarly Renaissance is the period from the Gothic of the late Middle Ages to the late 15th, approximately from 1418 to 1495. The architects in that period created an architecture of mathematical perfection and maintained that God’s cosmic order could be expressed through such mathematical proportions. They also had interests in geometry and considered square and circle as â€Å"ideal forms†. Both of the ideas became the crucial elements of the architecture in both Early Renaissance and Mannerism. EarlyRead MoreEarly Renaissance Vs. Renaissance Architecture1502 Words   |  7 PagesEarly Renaissance architecture began in the early years from 1400-1500. During this era, classicism played a huge role in architectur al ideas as well as religious, secularization, and humanist influences. This differed architecture from that time period to later mannerist architecture. Mannerism derived from late renaissance architecture and continued through the early Baroque era in the years 1520-1600. The influences that changed the views on early architecture were the Sack of Rome, the CopernicanRead MoreEssay on The Early Renaissance559 Words   |  3 PagesThe Early Renaissance Today, what is considered to be the modern times began with the Early Renaissance at the start of the 15th century. As time has progressed, things have modified within societies to mold with the new ways of thinking for that time. Between the years of the 1400s and the 1800s this world has undergone many changes. Focusing on Europe, the major forces of change were in politics, economics, and religion. In modern European history political effort were supplied byRead MoreThe Early Renaissance Art in Florence1597 Words   |  7 PagesThe early Renaissance art in Florence focused on an elaborate, Gothic style of painting; very formal and traditional, yet there was always something that seemed to be lacking. Perspective and depth were two very important qualities in painting, yet up until the time of young Masaccio, (born Tommaso Guidi), paintings were beautiful, but seemed to just be art that hung on the wall. In Masaccio’s work, â€Å"rather than recede in space, the figures seem to come forward† (Cole 120). He may not have knownRead MoreEarly Italian Renaissance Art Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesroots in Early Christian art due to the iconic roles that Christ and Mary play in the Christian religion (Dunkerton 37). The ‘Madonna and Child’ has had a place in many of the early periods and traditions of art. Religious themes were able to command such a strong presence in the history of art due to their role as devotional aides in churches and other religious buildings (Dunkerton 27). Religious art was well maintained by religious orders and churches, and many patrons throughout early historyRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Humanism During The Early Renaissance1438 Words   |  6 PagesA significant increase in secular art began in the early Renaissance because of an enormous gain of wealth by Florence in the early 15th century. The philosophy of humanism began, combining the values of both spirituality and the worth of the human mind and experience. The republics people valued the individualism in humanism, believing their society and its values to represent liberty and freedom. (Harris Zucker, n.d., para.6). As a result, wealth combined with an interest in portraying individualRead MoreEssay about Early Renaissance Art918 Words   |  4 Pagesthroughout history. The most important turning point was the renaissance. Art took a huge t urn before the 1500’s and even after. The Renaissance has assisted the world of art in breaking away from a classic structure and shaping it to what it is day. Prior to this cultural rebirth, artworks were mostly not made to scale. Paintings were unrealistic and disproportionate. Religious figures seemed to be the focus of many works. The Renaissance changed the old social context of art by introducing humanismRead MoreThe Artistic Developments Of The Early Renaissance Period2091 Words   |  9 Pageswere the artistic developments of the early Renaissance period reflective of the cultural changes brought about by the Black Death. It is without a doubt the Black plague that spread throughout Europe from 1348 had large scale social and economic effects, the catastrophic horrors and disbelief that individuals lived and died through interrupted and disordered existing customary traditions. Synchronously the rise from the Medieval ages to the early Renaissance art period was witness to great virtuosityRead MoreThe Bronze David By Donatello Of The Early Renaissance1842 Words   |  8 PagesThe Bronze David by Donatello of the Early Renaissance shows a subtle transition through style and form to the High Renaissance when compared to the marble David by Michelangelo. Yet a similar Renaissance interpretation of the character of David is seen in both pieces. Donatello’s David embodies the humanism and classicism of the Italian Renaissance, and pioneers styles that would influence a generation. The perfection of David by Michelangelo creates a similar allusion to humanism and classicalRead MoreEarly Italian Ren aissance Art: Florentine vs. Sienese Art2288 Words   |  10 Pagesleading to the designation of the period as the Renaissance, meaning rebirth. Two rival schools of painting, Siena and Florence, rose to the forefront of this transformation during the beginnings of the Renaissance. In his Lives of the Artists, Vasari denotes the main proponents of the movements in Siena and Florence to be Duccio di Buoninsegna and Giotto di Bondone, respectively. Vasari saw Duccio, called the Father of the Sienese Renaissance by many art historians, as an extremely talented

Speech On The Womens Movement - 1175 Words

Introduction Attention getter Who would have known that one little pill could mean so much to women s independence? That little pill was birth control something a lot of us today take for granted, something any woman can get from a free clinic.The time where women were expected to be housewives changed, a revolution happened that would grant women rights that they never had before. Central Idea The women s movement of the 1960’s sought significant improvement in legal economic and political rights. Credibility I am from a country where women do not have as many freedoms as the women in America do. There women are still expected to marry and become housewives they are often discouraged to further their education. I can see how this†¦show more content†¦They were also prevented from moving higher in the workplace and even outright not allowed to work in certain positions. In an article titled â€Å"The Women s Rights Movement, by American Social Reform Movements Reference Library website, published in 2007 stated â€Å"Even highly educated women were denied good jobs in business or government service because employers felt that women would not perform adequately or simply did not belong in such professions.† B.There was no protection from sexual harassment for women, they were also were not able to advance higher in the workplace. signpost: Now that we know what life was like for women in the 1950s, let’s start talking about how the women got their rights today. II. The actions that women took to group together and fight in order to get their voices heard. 1.Women with a common purpose began grouping together to make changes to the way they live, and make their voices heard to fellow women. A.In her article titled 1960s Feminist Activities, featured on ThoughtCo website, published Mar. 1, 2017, Linda Napikoski, stated â€Å"Woman organizing groups Feminist consciousness-raising groups, or CR groups, began in the 1960s in New York and Chicago and quickly spread across the United States† 2.Women began protesting attending rallies, hearings, marches, sit-ins, for equal pay birth control and sexism. A.Womens abortion speakout was organized in New York City, where women spoke about illegalShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Sara T. Smiths Speech1559 Words   |  7 Pagestalk about the anti-slavery movement, and also the rights of women to speak upon the subject. The speech was given on May 17th, 1838 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The occasion impacts the message because it gives her much more meaning to the speech because it is a relevant topic and she is passionate about it as well. The audience was the Second Anti-slavery Convention of American Women. The convention is an interracial meeting that focuses on the abolitionist movement. They could be a group of womenRead MoreHitler During The Nazi Era878 Words   |  4 Pagesembodied in the Speech to the National Socialist Women’s Association. The speech was given by Gertrud Scholtz-Klink, the organization’s leader, with the intent to convince women to take their place in Hitler’s Nazi movement. The emphasis on women’s natural roles in the home, as mothers and wives, and the discouragement of women’s right are manifested in the persuasive language of national identity and involvement. Hitler uses Scholtz-Klink to fight for the minds of German women in a speech that asks forRead MoreThe Slavery Of The Nineteenth Century Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesas an advocate for abolition and women’s rights at conferences and events. Her speech When Woman Gets Her Rights Man Will B e Right was delivered at the annual meeting of the American Equal Rights Association in New York in 1867. By this time, even the slaves of the south have been effectively emancipated and the formerly enslaved have begun to search for equal rights beyond their basic freedom. Her audience is presumably thirsting for further progress so her speech serves to address her hopes forRead MoreSusan B Anthony1014 Words   |  5 PagesThe Right of All Citizens: What Makes an Effective Argument for Womens Rights? On November 5, 1872, Susan B. Anthony, a well-known leader in the women’s rights movement, along with several other women, entered the West End News Depot and cast their ballot. The women had all registered in the previous days; Anthony had registered to vote November 1, 1872 at a local barbershop, along with her three sisters. Even though the inspectors refused her initial demand to register, Anthony usedRead MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement1159 Words   |  5 PagesThe women’s suffrage movement is one that is looked back upon fondly by many as one of just motive and right method. Sure the right to vote is one that should always have been afforded to women, but might the pro-movement arguments needed a bit of propaganda to gain the support of the public at large? An analysis of Mabel Vernon’s pro-suffrage speech â€Å"The Picketing Campaign Nears Victory† shows that the movement, regardless of it’s obvious righteousness to the modern American, needed the assistanceRead MoreCritically Examine How Black Feminism Emerged And Assess1229 Words   |  5 Pageswill examine why the black feminism movement and theories emerged and how it impacts on the contemporary feminist movement. Since the very beginning the mainstream feminist movement which is led by middle class white women has been criticised for erasing women of colour and mainly focused on issues that effected middle and upper class white women. Many white women adopted ‘colourblind’ approach when dealing with black women issues. Sojourner Truth, a women’s right actives and a slave abolitionistRead MoreBetty Friedan s The Feminine Mystique1099 Words   |  5 PagesBetty Friedan could be argued as one of the most prominent figures of the 2nd wave feminist movement in the United States of America. While she was most prominently know for her activism, she was also a writer. She used her passion for writing and fight for equal rights and wrote the best-selling book, The Feminine Mystique. This book looks to fight against â€Å"the feminine mystique,† which convinces women that to be a fulfilled woman they must be sexual passive, be dominated by males, and act as aRead Mor eThe National Liberation Front : A Plan Of The Investigation877 Words   |  4 PagesNational Liberation Front (FSLN) took power in Nicaragua. The emancipation and equality of women was one of the party’s goals. The investigation will examine women’s societal position before the FSLN overthrew the Samoza dictatorship and to what extent their rule improved said position. In turn, that improvement will be examined through women’s involvement outside the home, primarily in conjunction with the FSLN, and to what extent that involvement facilitated the improvement of their own lives. WordRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Fundamental Principle Of A Republic1027 Words   |  5 Pagesignorant after all. Women in the United States fought for over twenty years, from 1895 to 1915, for women’s suffrage. Women never gave up and showed their strength by overcoming any obstacle that tried to stop them from voting. Anna Howard Shaw was a one of the leaders of the women’s suffrage movement in the United States. On June 21, 1915 Shaw was the voice of the American woman and gave a speech to the men of New York before Election Day in November. In â€Å"The Fundamental Principle of a Republic†Read MoreElizabeth Cady Stanton s Declaration Of Sentiments And Resolutions Essay1405 Words   |  6 Pagesnation. From her first address to her last, Elizabeth was the voice of the women’s rights movement. She lectured across the nation and publically debated the unjust laws of her day (â€Å"Elizabeth Cady Stanton†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Two of her more prominent and potent speeches were â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions† and â€Å"Solitude of Self†. These speeches served as her introduction and adieu as an overt promoter of women’s rights (â€Å"The Women’s Rights†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) (Hogan). Though Stanton gave both her â€Å"Declaration of Sentiments

Responsibilities of Senior Manager

Question: Discuss about the Responsibilities of Senior Manager. Answer: Introduction The year of 2007 is still remembered as the darkest phase of the financial history. The year broke the entire US economy and led to severe global economic crisis. There were lots of speculations about how the crisis could have been averted with the due diligence of senior level managers and crisis management experts (Reavis, 2012). The role of senior manager has been considered as very crucial in analyzing the future risks and warns the management about it, but the dark truth of a capitalist economy is that every individual who is a part of the organization and have some moral obligation and responsibility towards their shareholders and society have become profit oriented. The managers are accountable for making decisions which ensure sustainability of an organization in the long run and protect the interest of the shareholders but they are more interested in the short term financial success (Handy, 2002). The greediness to earn short term profits often results into taking unethical decisions which may create a situation of crisis for the company and for the whole economy. Summary of Managerial experience The role of a manager has been considered as an autonomous and unbiased from the other senior level executives. Though undoubtedly managers are being paid by the authorities but that doesnt change the fact that they are not only accountable to management but also to the shareholders and stakeholders of the company. I was working as a project manager in ACTS, which is a geotechnical firm in Qatar. My role was more of a middle level manager rather than a senior one but being one of the responsible individual in my department, my contribution was considered equally important in the strategic decision making which was mainly done by senior level managers. But still other senior managers dont reveal important decisions which help them to satisfy their personal profit motives. The people who are sitting at the top consider themselves as the owners and takes decision which fulfills their personal interest and not the shareholders. The role of a project manager is to check the feasibility of the project and reduce the risk involved. Since the project completion happens to be in the future there are many financial risk involved like whether the proposed price of the project will be enough to complete the project or not. There are many price escalations in material and labor in future which should be considered while proposing the project price to the customer. I have been involve involved into analyzing and choosing the right project in the company portfolio, it mainly involved corporates and government who have a very sound and stable financial position. The work doesnt stop here a manager have to identify possible risk factors that may result into default in credit payments. They have to identify these factors and perform an effective risk mitigation action plan in order to prevent any situation financial instability. There were ethical issues such as compromising in the quality of the material used to earn profits. A manager has to ensure that management does not take advantage of uninformed customers, but that is how business works. People are more concerned about earning profits. Apart from all this a manager has to manage the people working in the organization and strike coordination between all the levels of management. A manger has to manage everyone but it is a thankless job, nobody appreciates the hard work and effort. Sometimes they have to take strict decisions in critical situations but only few understand the reason for such decisions and others just criticize the decision making power of the manager. There are always people who think that they are more competent enough to be in that position and can take better decisions. In the pure capitalist economy where there are less government interventions and after the financial crisis of 2007/08 the roles and responsibilities of the senior manager have come under the light of scrutiny. They are responsible for creating a right work culture and promote ethical business practices. The positive side of being a senior level manager is that they have an authority and decision making power to implement decisions (CMI, 2014). As a manger the major task that was in front of me is to analyze the external factors and identify the possible future risks. Risk management has been a crucial concept in the US economy. Lehman brothers crisis have alarmed the authorities of financial institutions, banks and corporates who have debtors of large amount are forced to strict their credit norms regarding mortgages as the risk of bad debts are very high in such cases. The terms of payment and other legal formalities have been made quite strict. As a manager it was my responsibility to address their issues but it was not possible that each and every query gets resolved. My compan y being in the Project handling and completion business has a responsibility to maintain a high liquidity in order to pay the dues of the project because clients pay a lump sum amount at a specified time. They have to strictly follow the requirement and they clearly rejected the project if it fails to meet the financial requirement. As a manager it was my duty to inform other frontline managers and employees about the requirements. I have learnt that a manager is first an agent of the society and then of the management, the decision taken should not only satisfy the hunger of earning profit of the executives but also kept in mind the best interest of the stakeholders and shareholders (Hout Carter, 1995). Role of the senior manager in the organization Business environment is dynamic and changes continuously due to the influence of various political, economic, social factors. In order to minimize the effect of these risks on the business it is very important that these factors should be identified and analyzed carefully to make strategies to avert these risks. Here the role of senior manager comes into picture. The role of manager is not limited to manage the human and capital resources efficiently but also to foresee fluctuations in external environment and prepare business to cope with these challenges (Magretta Stone, 2003). In large organizations where the turnover is more and the operation base is large, it requires a qualified professional who can analyze every possible factors of which can affect the operations of the business and suggest the organization a proactive strategy to move ahead. A strategic decision making is required on the part of the manager to ensure sustainable growth of the organization, but often they end up taking unethical decisions either due to the pressure of senior level executives or for their personal gains. It is very important to know that a manager is not only accountable to the organization but also to the shareholders and stakeholders. The main function of the manager is to maintain a balance between the management and stakeholders of the company and take ethical decisions in the best interest of both the parties (Prahalad, 2010). The role of manager is multi-dimensional but it some of their major roles and responsibilities are: Shareholders: shareholders are known as the owners of the company. The most important role of the manager is to invest the shareholders capital in order to maximize the return on equity. The shareholders want to maximize their invested amount value but ethically. Many a times an organization in order to maintain a reputation in the society follow some unethical business practices like overstating profits or manipulate the financial information, this may satisfy the shareholders and investors for a time being but in the long run there are high chances that the company will see a downfall that will affect the shareholders adversely. This is the duty of the manager to present a true picture of the organizations performance. The shareholders wants returns but they want fair returns (Friedman, 1970). The profit should be earned but in an ethical way. The manager should ensure ethical profits and ethical returns to the shareholders in order to maximize the shareholders value (Kramer Porte r, 2011). Stakeholders: In any organization stakeholders are the groups which have a direct interest in the operations of the business. There are two types of stakeholders: Internal and external stakeholders. An external shareholder refers to the external parties such as suppliers, customers, creditors, society etc. In order to remain sustainable in the competition the decisions and policies of any organization should align with the thoughts and expectations of the shareholders. The manager should ensure customer satisfaction by offering the best price and quality. In order to earn extra profits they should not involve in unfair market practices. By creating customer value they are ensuring a loyal customer base which is very important to survive in the league of competition. The resources which an organization uses in their operations are directly derived from the society, so in return stakeholders and shareholders expect that they do something for the benefit of the society (OECD, 2014). By utilizing profits in providing job opportunity, social welfare, environment friendly business practices are some of the examples where a manager can contribute in the society. People want to be associated with the organization when they are valued in the society. Also many a times company trick prospective customers and investors because they are uninformed about the companys policies. So the manager should be transparent in the policies and procedures followed by their organization. Employees and management: Employees and management are considered as the internal shareholders of the company. In todays competitive world the only factor that distinguishes one firm from other is their human capital. The role of manager is very important when it comes to optimizing the performance of every individual working. This can only be possible when employees are satisfies. The satisfaction is a broad term it does not include the salary and wages aspect; it is much more than that. Not only shareholders have invested their money but people working there have also invested their hard work and time into the company. They expect satisfaction not only in monetary terms but also performance appraisals, promotion, recognition and appreciation from the managers. The senior level manager should make sure that each and every individual working should be satisfied so that they can contribute strategically in the long term growth of the organization (Abrams, 1951). Crisis Management- As it has been discussed above, the role of the manager is multidimensional and is not limited within a scope. The managers are known to be the forecasters of the future risks. With the use of their expertise and knowledge they analyze the future uncertainties which could affect the growth and operations of business. They form certain policies and procedures in order to minimize the effect of risk within the scope of their professional knowledge (Rawlinson, 2009) they should make sure that their decisions are complying with laws and regulations and will not give rise to an ethical issue. The main thing that should be kept in mind is that every business has certain social responsibility which they have to fulfill in order to survive in the society and this can be done by maintaining a balance between the expectations of society and management (Szczepanska, 2013). In any economy whether it is capitalistic, socialistic or mixed the senior manager role should be to ser ve the purpose of the management, stakeholders and society in the sustainable way. Many a times managers are not able to take effective decisions due to the pressure from the top level management and rigidness on the part of the workforce to adapt decisions. But to improve the management systems managers have to make strategic decisions for the sustainability of the business. The duty of every organization is to practice business in an ethical way. It is the responsibility of the senior level manager to protect shareholders interest. It has been discussed above that shareholders are true owners of the company and management should be transparent about their money being invested and profits should not be overstated to give a blind view about the companys performance. In my organization there were many such where in order to avoid dividend distribution the profits were shown understated. It is the right of the shareholders to receive a fair return on their invested money. It has been assumed by corporate executives that shareholders main aim is to maximize the profit s and increase the market value of the shares but this is not the case every time. Shareholders want sustainable profits for the growth of the organization but that too should be earned ethically. Misrepresentations of facts will contribute in the downfall of the organization someday. Their main focus is on cash flow and not extra earnings (Rappaport, 2016). The second most important responsibility of the senior manager is to ensure the rights of the stakeholders. Profits are very important for the survival in the competition but along with earning profits there are certain social responsibilities that are to be fulfilled by the management in order to create stakeholders value. Companys success and sustainability is determined by the type of relationship they have with their stakeholders. The financial products offered by my organizations require a wide knowledge about the investment decisions and financial market scenarios. There are Customers who aims to invest their wealth with a view to earn some extra returns but they dont have the knowledge about investment risks. It is the duty of executives who are dealing with the customer to inform them about every aspect of their investment decisions but sometimes they dont. A business should be fair in their dealings with customers. Also they should return back to the society in which they op erate by providing ample job opportunities and following CSR practices. The fact that US economy is facing a downturn and organizations are downsizing employees, in this case my organization too is not able to provide enough opportunities (Mallnen, 2016). The third responsibility of senior managers is towards their internal stakeholders. Employees are pillars of the organization. If they are not motivated and committed to perform better and serve the customers the customer value will decrease and the firm will not be able to survive in the society. The mangers should ensure proper working conditions for every individual working and ensure equal and just salary to every individual according to their designation. In my organization as a manager I ensure that my managerial style should become people oriented. In order to get the work done effectively being authoritative is not required, a manager should be a good listener of the problems of people and motivate them continuously to perform better. This works as a source of motivation for them and they can work productively in order to achieve the goals and objective of the organization (Forbes, 2012). The last role of manager which has been discussed is of a crisis manager. After the financial crisis of 2007/08 every financial institution not in the US but all over the world have created a risk management crisis plan in order to cope up with such crisis. Even in my organization precautionary methods have been followed such as maintaining adequate liquidity and check the credit payable capacity of every customer who wishes to take loan and pledging sufficient mortgage in case an individual failed to repay back the amount, the institution will recover back by selling the pledged property, This will ensure less non-performing assets and prevent bankruptcy in the future. But still there is a long distance to be covered when it comes to effectively creating an effective crisis management plan in the organization. Conclusions and recommendation After the financial crisis of US the role and responsibilities of investors, managers and other senior level executives were questioned. Failure to identify market risks and not formulating proper risk management plan have led to the down fall of entire US economy and its impact were seen on other countries as well. Financial institutions are the backbone of any economy in any country. In order to cope up with any market fluctuations and risks they are required to form effective crisis management plan (James Wooten). The roles of senior level managers have been considered very crucial in designing effective risk management plans (Schwabel, 2012). The steps include: Signal Detection- The senior managers are often known to be risk managers. They should identify the vulnerable areas of the organization according to the industry they work in. In banks risk of non-payment is very high, apart from this risk of currency fluctuations and government regulations also affect the banking operations. Apart from external factors they should also identify their internal weaknesses which may be their lenient credit norms which may contribute in the situation of crisis (Singh LaBrosse, 2011). Prevention of crisis- After analyzing possible risk contributing factors the senior manager should take the responsibility of being an effective leader and make a proactive plan to defend the organization from any damage. Crisis prevention plan requires resources. The manager should ensure optimum allocation of resources. The crisis plan can only be implemented if every individual in the organization is prepared for facing the situation of crisis. It is the responsibility of the manager to train the management about how to deal with the crisis effectively (Sahlman, 2009). Damage control- There is certain risks and fluctuations which cannot be foreseen nor avoided. The management can only minimize the effect of such risk on the organization by implementing effective crisis strategy. The senior level manager should be prepared for any such unforeseen external environment fluctuation and prepare a proactive strategy to limit the effect of such damage. Business recovery- After the crisis, the manager should analyze the amount of damage that has been done. After analyzing the manager along with experts and professionals should make long term and short terms recover plans in according to the extent of damage that have occurred. The steps taken to pull out company from the crisis should also be designed for every individual depending on their position in the organization. Learning and Reflecting- Though crises are bad but they are the results of organizations mistakes and behaviors. The manager should address all the mistakes, loopholes and flaws which contributed into the damage and make solid plans to prevent future crisis. The managers role in organization is non-exhaustive. They are influenced by many external factors and are answerable to management and stakeholders. They have a pressure from the management to earn profits. It is the duty of the manager to earn profits ethically and legally. The major feature of any firm facing a situation of crisis is their short term profit earning mentality but in order to survive and sustain they should focus on earning ethical profits. References Abrams, W.F (1951) Management's Responsibilities in a Complex World. Harvard Business Review. 29, 29-34. CMI (2014) Management 2020- Leadership to unlock long term growth. Chartered Management Institute, UK. Retrieved from https://www.managers.org.uk/~/media/Files/PDF/M2020/Management%202020%20-%20Leadership%20to%20unlock%20long-term%20growth on 5 February 2017. Forbes (2012) 8 Ways Leaders Can Motivate Employees Beyond Money. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/martinzwilling/2012/01/10/8-ways-leaders-can-motivate-employees-beyond-money/#866976b74dd4 on 5 February 2017. Friedman, M. (1970) The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits. The New York Times Magazine, New York. Retrieved from highered.mheducation.com/sites/dl/free/0073524697/910345/Appendices.pdf on 5 February 2017. Handy, C . (2002) Whats a Business For? Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2002/12/whats-a-business-for on 5 February 2017. Hout, T. Carter, C.J (1995) Getting it done: New roles for senior executives. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/1995/11/getting-it-done-new-roles-for-senior-executives on 5 February 2017. James, H.E. Wooten, P.L. (n.d) How to Display Competence in Times of Crisis. Center for positive organization. Retrieved from https://positiveorgs.bus.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/Competence-in-Crisis-Wooten.pdf on 5 February 2017. Magretta, J. Stone, N. (2003) What management is: how it works and why it's everyone's business. Profile Books ltd., London. Mallnen, T. (2016) Are We Heading Toward Another Crisis? The Huffington Post. Retrived from https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tuomas-malinen/are-we-heading-to-a-next_b_9759926.html on 5 February 2017. OECD (2014) Risk Management and Corporate Governance, Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/daf/ca/risk-management-corporate-governance.pdf on 5 February 2017. Porter, E.M Kramer, R.M. (2011) Creating Shared Value. Harvard Business Review. Retrievd from https://hbr.org/2011/01/the-big-idea-creating-shared-value on 5 February 2017. Prahalad, C.K. (2010) The Responsible Manager. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2010/01/column-the-responsible-manager on 5 February 2017. Rappaport, A. (2016) What managers misunderstand about shareholder value. Financial Times. Retrieved from https://www.ft.com/content/4a25dc30-1eaa-11e6-b286-cddde55ca122 on 5 February 2017. Rawlinson, R. (2009) Leadership Lessons and the Economic Crisis Where Weve Come From and Where Were Headed. Boozco., USA. Retrieved from https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/uploads/Leadership_Lessons_and_the_Economic_Crisis.pdf on 5 February 2017. Reavis, C. (2012) The Global Financial Crisis of 2008: The Role of Greed, Fear, and Oligarchs. MIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts. Retrieved from https://mitsloan.mit.edu/LearningEdge/CaseDocs/09093%20The%20Financial%20Crisis%20of%202008.Rev.pdf on 5 February 2017. Sahlman, A.W. (2009) Management and the Financial Crisis. Harvard Business School, Boston. Retrieved from https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/10-033.pdf on 5 Februaryu 2017. Schawbel, D. (2012) How to Handle a Crisis in the Workplace. Forbes. Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/danschawbel/2012/07/01/how-to-handle-a-crisis-in-the-workplace/#2a5eea762f78 on 5 February 2017. Singh, D. LaBrosse, R.J. (2011) Developing a Framework for Effective Financial Crisis Management. OECD JOURNAL: FINANCIAL MARKET TRENDS. Retrieved from https://www.oecd.org/finance/financial-markets/49191776.pdf on 5 February 2017. Szczepa?ska, K. (2013) Managerial competencies at the time of crisis. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia. Retrieved from https://www.wsb.edu.pl/container/FORUM%20SCIENTIAE/numer%202/forum-2-2013-art6.pdf on 5 February 2017.